The calcaneocuboid joint moves with three degrees of freedom

Introduction Investigations of the calcaneocuboid joint typically find that it is among the least mobile of the intrinsic foot joints [1]. When movement is found, it is shown to be highly variable among individuals [2]. The joint is therefore relegated to the presumably rigid lateral aspect of the foot. The complementary articular surfaces of the two relevant bones are both relatively flat, with some irregular undulations. This joint surface geometry suggests that movement might be limited to a single rotation and perhaps superior and lateral translations in the synovial plane. In this presentation we challenge this expectation by exploring the calcaneocuboid joint in six degrees of freedom through multiple driving actions.